FRUIT

 CLASSIFICATION  OF FRUITS
     Fruits 2  types  1)False fruits  2)True fruits
     True fruits are 3 types   1)Simple fruits  2)Aggregate fruits 3)Composite fruits.
     Composite fruits are 2  types   1) Sorosis  2)syconus.   
     Simple fruits are 2 types  1)Fleshy fruits  2)Dry fruits .
     Dry fruits are 3 types 1)Dehiscent  2)Indehiscent  3)Schizocarpic . 

    1) Fleshy fruits                                                  
                         1.Berry                                          

                         2.pome                                           

                         3.pepo                                             

                         4.Hesperidium                                                                

                         5.Drupe   


2)DRY FRUITS  a) Dehiscent            b)Indehiscent             c)Schizocarpic 
                                 1.Legume                 1. Caryopsis              1. Lomentum
                                 2. Capsule                2. Cypsela                 2. Schizocarp  
                                                                   3. Nut
1) FALSE FRUITS
                             These fruits are developed from any part of the flower along with the ovary . These floral  parts form a major part of the fruit . Flase fruits are always associated with a true fruit.
                             In pyrus malus , the thalamus grows along with the ovary to form a fleashy false fruit In Anacardium occidentlis the pedicel develops into a juicy succulent false fruit .


2) TRUE FRUITS
                               These fruits are  developed from fertilized ovaries . The true fruit has two parts namely, the fruit wall and the seed . 

CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTKINGDOM

CLASSIFICATION OF PLANT KINGDOM


                     All the plants belonging to various groups are classified under kingdom plantae or plant kingdom .


                    Based  on the system of classification proposed by A.W.EICHLER(1875 -78) , the plant kingdom is divided into two sub - kingdoms . They are : 1. Cryptogamae . 2. Phanerogamae.


CRYPTOGAMAE (cryptogams)


                The cryptogams are flowerless (non-flowering)and seedless , spore bearing plants . This sub-kingdom is sub-divided into three divisions:


(a) Thallophyta (b) Bryphyta (c) pteridophyta


A. THALLOPHYTA (thallophytes): Thallophyta is the most primitive and the largest division of Cryptogams. The plant body is not differentiated into root , stem and leaves and such a plant body is termed as thallus . The thalloid plant body is either unicellular or multicellular.


     The division thallophyta is classified  into two sub - divitions: (1) Algae and (2) Fungi


1. ALGAE


             Alage are chlorophyll bearing thalloid , autotrophic and largely  aqutotrophic and largely aquatic (fresh water and marine water) plants . They also occur in a variety of other habitats:moist stones ,soils wood .they are unicellular also occur in association wiht fungi to form Lichens.
                                  EXAMPLE: Spirogyra .


(2)FUNGI


             fungi are achlorophyllous (non-green) heterotrophic thallophytes . They live as saprophytes with algae to form lichens. Some fungi grown in close association with roots o f vascular plants forming mycorrhizae.
                 EXAMPEL:Rhizopus.


B . BRYOPHTA(Bryophytes): Bryophytes are chlophytes are are chlorophyllous , autotrophic, embryophic  and atracheophytic cryptogams.They are mostly found  on damp and shady places. They are called  amphibians of plant kingdom.
                           exampel;Funaria.


C.PTERIDOPHYTA(pteridophytes):  Pteridophytes are chlorophyllous, autotrophic embryophytic and tracheophytic cryptogams. They are the non flowering plants possesing vascular tissues . Hence they are called VASCULAR CRYPTOGAMS.
                                  EXAMPEL:pteris.


1PHANEROGAMAE(phanerogams)  
                                       
           phanerogams are flower bearing ,seed producing  tracheoptytes . This sub kingdom has only one division SPERMATOPHYTA.
1) Gymnospermae and  2) Angiospermae 


1) GYMNOSPERMAE (gymnosperms): Gymnosperms are phanerogams or spermatophytes without ovary and fruit . The seeds are naked without a fruit wall.
       EXAMPEL:cycas , pinus , Gnetum.


2)ANGIOSPERMAE(angiosperms):Angiosperms are the flowering plants in which the seeds are enclosed by fruits.The angiosperms are divided into two classes :the dicotyledons and the monocotylesons . 
DICOTYLEDONS : They have two cotyledon in their seeds . 
    exampel: Maize , sorghum ,etc .