CLASSIFICATION OF PLANT KINGDOM
All the plants belonging to various groups are classified under kingdom plantae or plant kingdom .
Based on the system of classification proposed by A.W.EICHLER(1875 -78) , the plant kingdom is divided into two sub - kingdoms . They are : 1. Cryptogamae . 2. Phanerogamae.
CRYPTOGAMAE (cryptogams)
The cryptogams are flowerless (non-flowering)and seedless , spore bearing plants . This sub-kingdom is sub-divided into three divisions:
(a) Thallophyta (b) Bryphyta (c) pteridophyta
A. THALLOPHYTA (thallophytes): Thallophyta is the most primitive and the largest division of Cryptogams. The plant body is not differentiated into root , stem and leaves and such a plant body is termed as thallus . The thalloid plant body is either unicellular or multicellular.
The division thallophyta is classified into two sub - divitions: (1) Algae and (2) Fungi
1. ALGAE
Alage are chlorophyll bearing thalloid , autotrophic and largely aqutotrophic and largely aquatic (fresh water and marine water) plants . They also occur in a variety of other habitats:moist stones ,soils wood .they are unicellular also occur in association wiht fungi to form Lichens.
EXAMPLE: Spirogyra .
(2)FUNGI
fungi are achlorophyllous (non-green) heterotrophic thallophytes . They live as saprophytes with algae to form lichens. Some fungi grown in close association with roots o f vascular plants forming mycorrhizae.
EXAMPEL:Rhizopus.
B . BRYOPHTA(Bryophytes): Bryophytes are chlophytes are are chlorophyllous , autotrophic, embryophic and atracheophytic cryptogams.They are mostly found on damp and shady places. They are called amphibians of plant kingdom.
exampel;Funaria.
C.PTERIDOPHYTA(pteridophytes): Pteridophytes are chlorophyllous, autotrophic embryophytic and tracheophytic cryptogams. They are the non flowering plants possesing vascular tissues . Hence they are called VASCULAR CRYPTOGAMS.
EXAMPEL:pteris.
1PHANEROGAMAE(phanerogams)
phanerogams are flower bearing ,seed producing tracheoptytes . This sub kingdom has only one division SPERMATOPHYTA.
1) Gymnospermae and 2) Angiospermae
1) GYMNOSPERMAE (gymnosperms): Gymnosperms are phanerogams or spermatophytes without ovary and fruit . The seeds are naked without a fruit wall.
EXAMPEL:cycas , pinus , Gnetum.
2)ANGIOSPERMAE(angiosperms):Angiosperms are the flowering plants in which the seeds are enclosed by fruits.The angiosperms are divided into two classes :the dicotyledons and the monocotylesons .
DICOTYLEDONS : They have two cotyledon in their seeds .
exampel: Maize , sorghum ,etc .
All the plants belonging to various groups are classified under kingdom plantae or plant kingdom .
Based on the system of classification proposed by A.W.EICHLER(1875 -78) , the plant kingdom is divided into two sub - kingdoms . They are : 1. Cryptogamae . 2. Phanerogamae.
CRYPTOGAMAE (cryptogams)
The cryptogams are flowerless (non-flowering)and seedless , spore bearing plants . This sub-kingdom is sub-divided into three divisions:
(a) Thallophyta (b) Bryphyta (c) pteridophyta
A. THALLOPHYTA (thallophytes): Thallophyta is the most primitive and the largest division of Cryptogams. The plant body is not differentiated into root , stem and leaves and such a plant body is termed as thallus . The thalloid plant body is either unicellular or multicellular.
The division thallophyta is classified into two sub - divitions: (1) Algae and (2) Fungi
1. ALGAE
Alage are chlorophyll bearing thalloid , autotrophic and largely aqutotrophic and largely aquatic (fresh water and marine water) plants . They also occur in a variety of other habitats:moist stones ,soils wood .they are unicellular also occur in association wiht fungi to form Lichens.
EXAMPLE: Spirogyra .
(2)FUNGI
fungi are achlorophyllous (non-green) heterotrophic thallophytes . They live as saprophytes with algae to form lichens. Some fungi grown in close association with roots o f vascular plants forming mycorrhizae.
EXAMPEL:Rhizopus.
B . BRYOPHTA(Bryophytes): Bryophytes are chlophytes are are chlorophyllous , autotrophic, embryophic and atracheophytic cryptogams.They are mostly found on damp and shady places. They are called amphibians of plant kingdom.
exampel;Funaria.
C.PTERIDOPHYTA(pteridophytes): Pteridophytes are chlorophyllous, autotrophic embryophytic and tracheophytic cryptogams. They are the non flowering plants possesing vascular tissues . Hence they are called VASCULAR CRYPTOGAMS.
EXAMPEL:pteris.
1PHANEROGAMAE(phanerogams)
phanerogams are flower bearing ,seed producing tracheoptytes . This sub kingdom has only one division SPERMATOPHYTA.
1) Gymnospermae and 2) Angiospermae
1) GYMNOSPERMAE (gymnosperms): Gymnosperms are phanerogams or spermatophytes without ovary and fruit . The seeds are naked without a fruit wall.
EXAMPEL:cycas , pinus , Gnetum.
2)ANGIOSPERMAE(angiosperms):Angiosperms are the flowering plants in which the seeds are enclosed by fruits.The angiosperms are divided into two classes :the dicotyledons and the monocotylesons .
DICOTYLEDONS : They have two cotyledon in their seeds .
exampel: Maize , sorghum ,etc .
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